Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood due to defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar by allowing glucose to enter the body’s cells for energy. The two most common forms are Type 1 Diabetes, where the immune system destroys insulin-producing cells, and Type 2 Diabetes, where the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough of it.

Common symptoms include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision problems. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy dietary habits.

Management of diabetes involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential, and in some cases, medications or insulin therapy may be required. Early diagnosis and proper management play a crucial role in preventing complications and improving quality of life.